Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
The Battery -A- can also be checked using the Vehicle
Diagnostic Tester when it is installed and without being
connected to a battery charger.
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Vehicle Diagnostic Tester
Test Prerequisites
No battery charger connected
Battery -A- is connected.
B
Overview - Valvetrain
Note
Cylinder heads with cracks between the valve seats or between valve
seat ring and spark plug thread can still be used without loss of
service life if the cracks are minute (max. 0.3 mm width) or only the
first four threads of a spark plug thread are cracked.