Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
Sensor and camera coverage areas
Fig. 96 Sensor coverage area
Fig. 97 Rearview camera coverage area
The assist systems analyze the data from various
sensors and cameras installed in the vehicle. Do
not use any assist systems if there is damage in
there area of the sensors and cameras or on the
v
The electronic throttle control (ETC) system consists of the
accelerator-pedal module, the engine control module (ECM), and
the electronic throttle body. The electronic throttle body
mainly consists of the throttle valve, the electric
throttle-valve drive element, and the throttle-valve position