Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
Overview - Valvetrain
Note
Cylinder heads with cracks between the valve seats or between valve
seat ring and spark plug thread can still be used without loss of
service life if the cracks are minute (max. 0.3 mm width) or only the
first four threads of a spark plug thread are cracked.
Left Timing Chain Cover, Removing and Installing
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Hand Drill with Plastic Brush Attachment
Protective Eyewear
Sealant. Refer to the Parts Catalog.
Caution
This procedure contains mandatory replaceable parts.
Refer to component overview pri