Introduction
The purpose of this repair manual is to provide service
advisors and technicians with the basic knowledge needed to
ensure professional and competent procedures.
Note
Only the c
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
Refrigerant R134a Physical Data
Vehicle air conditioning systems make use of the
vaporization and condensation process. In this case, one works
with a substance which boils easily, designated as ref
This revised information should supplement the knowledge and
experience you already have.
With this information, we want to help you make as clear and
certain a statement as possible concerning tire damage and
complaints.
This chapter contains general information on tires and
wheels.
Wheels are
The refrigerant circuit was completely empty (for example
with larger leak or cracked hose)
Note
In the event of only a minor leak with slow escape of
refrigerant (e.g. at a small leakage point), the amount of
refrigerant oil lost and the amount of moisture penetrating is
not sufficien